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Resumen
Este artículo muestra que los partidos tradicionales de la región Andina sufrieron declives electorales durante las últimas dos décadas (1990-2010). Aunque esta situación se presentó de manera generalizada, no todos los partidos perdieron la misma proporción de votos, ni al mismo ritmo. Mientras algunos de ellos se volvieron actores marginales o colapsaron, otros sobrevivieron y algunos incrementaron sus votaciones. Acá se sugiere que las estructuras organizativas internas de los partidos importan. Éstas son variables independientes que explican las diversas trayectorias electorales. Esta hipótesis complementa conclusiones de otros estudios que sugieren que las variables estructurales y políticas son las que inciden en los resultados electorales. Trabajos futuros en la materia deben probar empíricamente esta idea.
Palabras Clave: Países andinos, América del Sur, democracia, Partidos políticos, elecciones.
ABSTRACT
Crisis in the party systems and parties in the Andean Region, 1978- 2010. Explanations and Prospects
This article shows that traditional parties in the Andean region suffered electoral declines during the last two decades (1990-2010). Although this situation occurred as a generalized phenomenon, not all parties lost votes to the same extent, nor at the same pace. While some parties became marginal actors or collapsed, others survived and a few increased their levels of electoral support. In this paper I argue that the internal organizations of parties matter. They are independent variables that explain the diverse electoral trajectories among parties. This hypothesis complements other studies’ findings that argue that structural and political variables are those that impact parties’ electoral outcomes. Future works on this topic shall test this idea empirically.
Key Words: Andean countries, South America, democracy, political parties, elections.
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